What you'll learn in this Python control flow tutorial

This interactive Python tutorial has 11 hands-on exercises. Estimated time: 20 minutes.

1. Making decisions — So far, your programs have been like a train on a straight track — they run the same code every single time.
2. else — the backup plan — An `if` by itself only acts when the condition is True. But what happens when it's False?
3. elif — more than two options — What if passing or failing isn't enough? You want letter grades.
4. Comparison operators — Conditions compare things. Here are all the comparison operators:
5. Nested if — decisions inside decisions — An `if` block can contain another `if` inside it. The inner check only runs when the outer condition is already True.
6. Indentation is everything — Python uses indentation (spaces) to define which code belongs inside which block. Not curly braces. Not semicolons. **Sp…
7. One-line if — the ternary — Sometimes you have a simple if/else that fits on one line. Python has a shortcut:
8. pass — the intentional no-op — Python requires at least one statement inside every block. If you want a block that deliberately does nothing yet, use `…
9. match — Python's switch — Python 3.10 added `match` — a clean way to handle many exact values without a long if/elif chain:
10. Hunt the bugs — This program has **four** bugs. Hunt them all down:
11. Build an age checker — No starter code — write this completely from scratch.

Python Control Flow concepts covered

• Your program needs to make decisions