Console Output

```csharp

Console.Write("No newline at end");

Console.WriteLine("Adds newline");

Console.WriteLine(); // blank line

```

---

String Interpolation

Prefix with `$` to embed any expression:

```csharp

string name = "Alice";

int score = 95;

Console.WriteLine($"Player {name} scored {score} points.");

// Expressions work too:

Console.WriteLine($"Double: {score * 2}");

```

---

Composite Formatting

Use `{0}`, `{1}` placeholders:

```csharp

Console.WriteLine("Hello, {0}! You are {1} years old.", "Bob", 30);

string.Format("Pi is approximately {0:F2}", 3.14159); // Pi is approximately 3.14

```

---

Format Specifiers

| Specifier | Meaning | Example |

|-----------|---------|---------|

| `D` / `d` | Integer | `{42:D5}` → `00042` |

| `F` / `f` | Fixed-point | `{3.1:F2}` → `3.10` |

| `N` / `n` | Number with commas | `{1234567:N0}` → `1,234,567` |

| `C` / `c` | Currency | `{9.99:C}` → `$9.99` |

| `X` / `x` | Hexadecimal | `{255:X}` → `FF` |

| `P` / `p` | Percent | `{0.75:P}` → `75.00 %` |

---

Verbatim & Raw Strings

```csharp

// Verbatim — backslashes treated literally

string path = @"C:\Users\Alice\file.txt";

// Multi-line verbatim

string sql = @"

SELECT *

FROM users

WHERE active = 1";

```

---

What's Next?

You can format any output. Next: **control flow** — if/else, switch expressions, and ternary operators.